Muitos entusiastas de áudio automotivo usam crossovers ativos ou passivos. Crossovers podemos encontrar nos alto-falantes, mas também nos amplificadores.
Eles podem ser externos ou integrados, dependendo do sistema, e como os crossovers são conectados afetam diretamente a experiência geral de áudio. Mas como você deve conectar o crossover ao sistema de som do carro e aproveitar ao máximo? Vamos descobrir.
Dependendo do tipo de crossover usado, ele deve ser conectado de forma diferente. Crossovers ativos e crossovers passivos em linha devem ser colocados entre o som do carro e o amplificador. Os crossovers de componentes passivos devem ser colocados entre o amplificador e os alto-falantes .
Neste artigo, abordarei em profundidade todos os aspectos relacionados aos crossovers. O que são, como funcionam, os vários tipos que existem e se você realmente precisa de um, se seus alto-falantes precisam de um e se eles realmente melhoram a qualidade do som, se é que melhoram.
Você também descobrirá onde cada crossover é colocado, dependendo de seu tipo, e mostrarei como conectá-lo ao seu amplificador.
O que é um crossover no áudio do carro?
Um crossover em termos de áudio, seja para carro ou áudio doméstico, é um dispositivo eletrônico que recebe um único sinal de áudio e o divide em dois ou mais sinais de áudio. Esses sinais são divididos em diferentes bandas de frequência de alta, média e baixa frequência.
Esses sinais de áudio separados de diferentes bandas de frequência alimentam cada driver específico (alto-falante) no sistema de áudio do seu carro.
O sinal de banda de baixa frequência alimentará seu subwoofer, enquanto o de médio alcance alimentará seus woofers, e o sinal de banda de alta frequência acionará seu tweeter.
Preciso de um crossover para alto-falantes?
Esta pergunta tem muitos fatores que precisam ser considerados antes de responder.
Uma pergunta melhor será determinar se um crossover melhora a qualidade de som de cada alto-falante e o sistema de áudio do carro como um todo. Então você poderia decidir se eles seriam benéficos para suas circunstâncias.
No entanto, também podemos analisar essa questão da perspectiva do equilíbrio de frequência e da expectativa de vida (longevidade) de seus alto-falantes.
Além disso, alguns alto-falantes vêm com crossovers embutidos e outros não, mas por que não? Portanto, os crossovers existem por um motivo, e só porque eles não são incorporados a tipos específicos de alto-falantes não significa que eles não devam ser implementados de alguma forma.
Tenha em mente que cada driver é projetado e fabricado para lidar com frequências específicas. Você pode dizer pela aparência (os tweeters são pequenos, os woofers de médio porte são ovais e de tamanho médio, e os subwoofers são geralmente grandes e redondos).
Esses drivers são construídos dessa maneira porque as ondas sonoras parecem e agem de maneira diferente em várias frequências e, portanto, é por isso que elas têm essa aparência.
Portanto, os tweeters não são projetados para lidar com baixas frequências e seu subwoofer nunca será capaz de lidar com altas frequências. Além disso, seus woofers e subwoofers de médio porte duplicam muitas das mesmas frequências.
Ter muitos alto-falantes tocando as mesmas frequências causaria estrondos, cortes, ruídos indesejados, baixa qualidade de áudio e poderia até fazer com que eles explodissem (principalmente porque seus alto-falantes são todos construídos para serem entidades separadas).
Quando o subwoofer emite uma frequência baixa, a onda senoidal é ampla e ampla, de modo que o alto-falante ressoa com um impulso considerável para frente e para trás. Por outro lado, um tweeter lida com ondas senoidais que são curtas e comprimidas e, portanto, não precisam se mover em um grau comparável a um subwoofer.
Agora, se cada um desses alto-falantes estiver recebendo frequências para as quais não foram construídos, é apenas uma questão de tempo até que algum tipo de dano ocorra.
Então, para responder à pergunta, você precisa de um crossover para alto-falantes? Da perspectiva de expectativa de vida e frequência de um alto-falante, a resposta é sim. Os alto-falantes coaxiais usam e precisam de crossovers?
Os alto-falantes coaxiais do carro geralmente já têm um crossover passivo embutido. Os crossovers passivos contam com componentes de circuitos específicos para filtrar e separar as frequências enviando a frequência correta para cada driver.
Mesmo se você adicionar um amplificador, os crossovers passivos em seus alto-falantes devem ser mais que suficientes. Esses tipos de crossovers são praticamente sempre incorporados a esses tipos de alto-falantes, e você teria dificuldade em encontrar um par que não os tivesse (isso seria especialmente verdadeiro para alto-falantes coaxiais de pós-venda de alta qualidade).
Devido aos drivers serem construídos um em cima do outro, é ainda mais importante que os alto-falantes coaxiais implementem um crossover para que cada driver possa receber as frequências apropriadas. Caso contrário, ruídos, cortes e, eventualmente, o sopro dos alto-falantes podem ocorrer em pouco tempo.
E se eu tiver um subwoofer adicional para meus alto-falantes coaxiais?
Alguns subwoofers podem vir com um crossover passivo embutido e outros não. Always consider using the high and low-pass frequencies on your amp if it comes equipped with them, and if not, I strongly recommend that you purchase an additional crossover (passive or active) for your subwoofer to work optimally and correctly.
Do compoonent spekaers use and need crossovers?
Component speakers are car speakers that have the drivers separated from each other. For example, the tweeters will be on the dash and the woofers in the door panels.
Depending on the types of component speakers you purchase, they will come with a
separate outboard crossover .
Does a crossover improve sound quality?
You already know that a crossover is needed to send the correct frequencies to the valid speakers. Due to this, the audio quality will be improved tenfold. Each driver can now react independently and function correctly with the frequencies that it is receiving.
Crossovers improve sound quality so much, that you will not see a competition-level car audio system without them even incorporating various types and more than one crossover. Listening to audio from a speaker that is tuned correctly with a crossover is like night and day compared to one without.
What types of crossovers can I get?
Different types of crossovers affect sound differently, so let’s consider the three main types and discuss the type of quality they provide to speakers.
Active crossovers
When each speaker has its own amplification channel, it is then termed “active.” This significantly increases the dynamic range and tonal response of your audio system.
Now, an active crossover is placed between the stereo and the amplifier, cutting out the unwanted frequencies before they reach the amplifier, so the amp then does not have to waste precious energy trying to boos those signals.
An active crossover will typically have volume (gain) controls for each driver, so you can tweak each speaker’s volume (voice), enabling you to balance them out to a sufficient degree. In addition to that, some will feature an equalizer for additional delicate touches.
However, it will not be a problem for any car audio professional. So when you are prompted to choose either active or passive, the active option is usually a better bet providing better audio quality and more refined adjustments to said audio.
A few years ago I have installed in my car two
DS18 DS-XM3 active crossovers. They were extremely easy to set-up and until today I am happy with the choice. They are available on Amazon, so if you are looking for a high-quality yet simple crossover,
check the recent price on Amazon.
Passive crossovers
Passive crossovers do not need to be connected up to any type of power source to work. There are two types of passive crossovers that you get, and they work in slightly different ways.
Passive component crossovers
These types of crossovers are placed in the pather after the amplifier. The circuitry consists of a small network of coils and capacitors, which are usually installed near the speakers. Due to it filtering a signal that has already left the amplifier, this type of crossover wastes power, releasing unwanted parts of the audio signal as heat.
One I strongly recommend is the
DS18 PRO-CFX . I have found it really useful when setting the loudness of the tweeters, that thanks to the adjustable octaves from -6 dB up to 3 dB, I found the perfect balance between bass and heights from the dash.
PRO-CFX is worth every cent, and is really cheap for its functionality, so why do not
check the latest price on Amazon and save some money?
Passive in-line crossovers
Unlike component crossovers, passive in-line crossovers are placed before the amplifier. This means that they separate the signal before it reaches the amplifier, so the amplifier does not have to waste any energy on boosting unwanted frequencies. An active crossover is this form of a crossover, yet it is powered.
An amazing example of the in-line crossover is the
PAC BB-6PR . So if you have a separate amplifier for the tweeters,
check PAC BB-6PR on Amazon to ensure your tweeters will get only the high frequencies.
Can I use a crossover without an amp?
When you are thinking about installing crossovers without an amplifier, there is one thing you have to consider.
Every audio situation, no matter what it is, requires an amplifier. An amplifier takes a line-level signal usually acquired from the preamp and boosts it through to your speakers so they are able o play.
Remember that your stereo has a small built-in amplifier and some standard OEM audio systems come with external amplifiers. Without an amplifier, there would be no audio coming from your speakers.
Hence no matter what situation you find yourself in, there will always be some sort of amplification. However, depending on the type of crossovers being used, you may not require additional amplification, such as an external aftermarket amplifier.
Crossovers that are built into speakers and component crossovers (that may or may not come with component speakers) may not need an additional aftermarket amplifier. These types of crossovers are more than capable of handling the amplification from your car stereo.
In-line crossovers are designed to sit between the stereo and the amplifier, cutting the frequencies before they reach the amp so that the amplifier once again does not have to boost unnecessary signals.
Therefore you can imagine if you do not have an aftermarket amplifier, it would be quite difficult to try to implement this type of crossover in your car audio setup.
Active crossovers definitely need to have an additional aftermarket amplifier and will not work correctly, if at all, if an aftermarket or some other type of external amplifier does not sit between it and the speakers.
This is especially true if you are looking to build complicated car audio systems where you would need multiple amplifiers. A two-way active crossover would need two amplifiers:one for each set of tweeters and woofers and sit between the amplifiers and the car stereo or head unit.
This could even be split up into a three-way crossover. Then each amplifier would power each set of speakers (tweeters, woofers, and subwoofers).
How to set up a crossover in my car?
Setting up a crossover in your car is pretty straightforward, even if you have no experience in doing so. The first thing you need to do is figure out what type of speakers you have and what crossover system you want to integrate into your car stereo system.
How to set up an active crossover in my car?
As we said, an active crossover needs to be placed between the stereo and the amplifier. By saying that, I assume that you already have or are going to purchase an aftermarket stereo.
With this in mind, the active crossover will have low-level (RCA) or high level (speaker wire) inputs or perhaps both depending on the model.
The inputs are where the signal from your stereo will go. Considering you have an aftermarket amplifier, you would need to install your crossover relatively close to it, so you would not require additional wire.
Furthermore, you could use the same power source cabling and utilize the same grounding area that the amplifier does. Some active crossovers may even come with a remote connection, and then you could use your amplifier remote connection point for this.
All you would need to do is to connect the low-pass and high-pass terminals to your amplifier’s correct terminals. The crossover will typically have an RCA output, and your aftermarket amplifier will definitely have an RCA input.
For example, consider your subs were on channels 1 and 2, and your standard coaxial or component speakers were on channels 3 and 4 of your amplifier. Then you would send the low-pass channel of the crossover to your subs and the high-pass channel of the crossover to your coaxial or component speakers channel. It’s as simple as that.
How to set up a passive crossover in my car?
Setup of component crossovers
Passive crossovers are into coaxial speakers, so you do not need to worry about connecting up those crossovers. You either connect them straight up to your amplifier according to the speaker terminals, or connect them to your car stereo according to the correct colored wiring or harness.
If you do not know the correct wiring setup of a car stereo and harness, check out my article
How To Wire Car Speakers To The Radio Without The Harness , where I go over the speakers and car stereo harnesses in detail.
External component passive crossovers come with an instruction manual, and the steps will be easy to follow. It would be the same concept as wiring up your amplifier to your speakers just with a device (the passive crossover) in between them.
Setup of in-line passive crossovers
In-line crossovers are connected between your head unit and the amplifier. You would determine which wires would be the low-pass and which would be for the high-pass connecting them to the appropriate terminals (just as you would do for an active crossover set up).
The principles of combining the proper crossovers to the correct driver terminals would apply in all cases of any crossover situation.
How to set crossover frequency for a car audio system?
Passive crossovers will not allow you to configure the high-pass or low-pass filters for the most part. This includes both in-line and component crossovers. Some external component crossovers may have optional settings that will let you turn the tweeter or woofer up or down slightly, however for the most part, all passive crossovers are set and optimized prior to your purchase, so you do not need to worry about them.
Active crossovers come with a gain knob (volume), and then they will also have some sort of knob or type of screwdriver turnkey that you can set for the high and low-pass filters for all the channels or each channel, depending on the crossover model you have.
All you would do is turn these knobs and cut off the frequencies you wish. I know it may sound easy, but in the case of active crossovers, to set them correctly, you have to hear the sounds they pass through.
What frequencies should each driver be set to?
If you do not know what frequencies to set your high pass middle, and low-pass filters to on your crossover, don’t worry because you could use the best general settings below.
Depending on your taste and the music type you listen to, you can adjust these settings accordingly however, these settings are an excellent place to start.
- Low-pass filter set to 80 Hz;
- A high-pass set to 3,000 Hz;
- A Midrange filter would have a low setting to 80Hz and a high setting to 3000Hz.
Conclusão
To summarize, a crossover is an integral part of any audio system, whether it is for car or home audio. A crossover enables the drivers of a speaker to receive the correct frequencies, and thus, those drivers are able to perform and produce higher quality audio.
There are different types of crossovers, including active and passive, and they can be inserted into your car audio setup at various points in the chain. This allows the frequencies to be cut either before or after the amplifier, depending on your needs.
Furthermore, it is relatively straightforward to understand what a crossover is, what it does, and how to install it considering different types of car audio systems.
Whatever your preference or car audio system setup is, you should be considering a crossover of any type to improve your overall sound quality.
